November 28, 2025
The U.S. Supreme Court is reviewing whether the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) can legally serve as a basis for broad, economy‑wide import tariffs. A ruling is expected in late 2025 or early 2026. While the case focuses on legal authority rather than specific products, the decision could influence how future tariff programs are implemented, including those affecting industrial metal supply chains.
Many metal-intensive products fall under tariff lines frequently involved in U.S. trade actions:
• Cast Iron & Steel Articles – HTS 7325, 7326
• Steel and Alloy Forgings – HTS 7208–7229
• Non-Ferrous Forgings – HTS 7419 (copper), 7606–7616 (aluminum), 7907 (zinc), 8007 (tin), 8108 (titanium)
• Machined Components – HTS 7326.90, 7616.99, 8708.x
• Semi‑Finished Inputs – HTS 7208–7229 (steel), 7403–7409 (copper), 7604–7607 (aluminum)
In general, most of the HTS codes above (For China) are subjected to:
2018 – Section 301 Tariffs – 25%
2025 – IEEPA Tariffs – 20%
2025 – Reciprocal Tariffs – 10%
If Court ruling changes and indication from judges questioning is that they were skeptical about IEEPA application at large, 20% will be reduced or eliminated.
If the Court limits or reverses IEEPA authority:
1. Certain tariff programs may be paused, restructured, or reassessed under other statutes.
2. Metal importers could see potential refund reviews for tariffs imposed under IEEPA.
3. Tariffs may shift toward Section 301, 232, or 201, changing rates and product coverage.
4. Contract pricing for castings, forgings, and machined components may require adjustment.
5. Sourcing strategies may shift as cost, tariff exposure, and lead times change.
This ruling will not target metals directly, but it will shape how tariff tools are used in the future. For customers, suppliers, and industry partners, staying informed and maintaining strong duty‑tracking and sourcing flexibility will be essential.
